Halayen Samfur

Shugabanni sun yi nisa a sassa daban-daban na kasuwar guntu analog

Daga cikin ICs na analog, sarrafa wutar lantarki shine kasuwa mafi girma a kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 21.6 ko 42%;kasuwar siginar sigina ita ce dalar Amurka biliyan 14.3 (28%) kuma RF da sauran kasuwannin samfuran suna kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 15.8, ko kuma 30%.A cikin sashin amplifier, Texas Instruments yana riƙe kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kasuwa (29%), tare da ADENO na biyu (18%).A cikin ɓangaren mai canza bayanai, ADENO shine jagora mai cikakken ƙarfi, a halin yanzu yana riƙe da rabin kasuwar musayar bayanai (48%) kuma yana da jagora na dogon lokaci akan masu fafatawa.A cikin sarrafa wutar lantarki, jagora, Texas Instruments, yana riƙe fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kasuwa (21%), tare da Qualcomm (15%), ADENO (13%), Maxim (12%), da Infineon (10%) suna da kama rabo.

A yau, kasuwa na ƙasa don sarƙoƙin sigina yana da ƙaramin rabon kayan lantarki na mabukaci.a cikin 2015, ƙananan kwakwalwan op-amp sun kasance mafi yawa a cikin sadarwa (36%) da masana'antu (33%), tare da lissafin kayan lantarki na mabukaci kawai 8%.Kasuwar da ke ƙasa don masu sauya bayanai ita ma ta ɗauki sama da kashi 50% na tallace-tallace ga masana'antar, yayin da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da su ke da kashi 12%.

Masana'antar lantarki, a ganinmu, koyaushe ta kasance haɓakar fasaha ta hanyar buƙata.Babban buƙatun siginar siginar shine hulɗar, a farkon farkon haɓakar kwakwalwan analog a cikin 60s da 70s, ana amfani da sarƙoƙin sigina galibi a ƙasan masana'antu, kayan aikin masana'antu da aka haɗa da kwamfutoci da tsarin jirgin sama, don kunna aikin. na kayan aikin masana'antu, kayan aikin jirgin da hulɗa tare da duniyar waje.Misali, jirgin sama yana da adadi mai yawa na na'urori masu auna firikwensin don taimakawa a cikin jirgin, waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa su ta samfuran sarkar sigina kafin a tura su zuwa tsarin dijital.A lokaci guda, samfurori masu haɗaka sun fi sauƙi don rage girman da farashi.Sakamakon haka, buƙatar siginar sigina a cikin masana'antar a cikin 1960s da 1970s ya haifar da haɓakar ƙattai na farko na analog kamar ADI da Texas Instruments.A cikin shekarun 1980-2000, buƙatun mu'amala a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci ya tashi daga ƙarfi zuwa ƙarfi, haka kuma yana haifar da haɓakar siginar siginar ƙasa a cikin na'urorin lantarki.

Kasuwancin lantarki na mabukaci yana da saurin canjin samfuri da fifikon farashi, don haka idan aka kwatanta da babban madaidaicin da kasuwannin masana'antu ke nema da kuma babban saurin da kasuwar sadarwa ke nema, buƙatu a cikin kasuwar kayan lantarki na mabukaci shine don ƙarancin farashi da gajeriyar ƙirar ƙira. , da samfuran sigina masu haɗaka sun fi dacewa don biyan buƙatu fiye da masu hankali.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, buƙatun na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci a cikin hulɗa yana da iyakacin rawa wajen ci gaba da haɓaka sarkar siginar.Wato, 1) daga ra'ayi na wasan kwaikwayon, haɗaɗɗen masu sauya bayanai microcontrollers sun sami damar biyan bukatun aikin mafi yawan kayan lantarki na mabukaci.2) daga ra'ayi na farashi, saboda karuwar ayyukan wayoyin hannu, haɓaka haɗin kai zai iya rage yawan amfani da makamashi.3) daga sake zagayowar ƙira, masu sauya bayanai masu hankali, kodayake mafi girman aiki, amma rikitaccen tsarin ƙirar tsarin buƙatu mafi girma, masana'antun na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci suna buƙatar yin la'akari da kewayon saurin gudu, ƙuduri, amfani da wutar lantarki, da sauran batutuwa, idan duk suna amfani da sigina mai hankali. guntu guntu, zai zama da wahala a daidaita da buƙatun kasuwa mai saurin canzawa.

Sakamakon haka, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ƙarin samfuran siginar sigina don na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci an haɗa su cikin microcontrollers/SoCs, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar ƙididdiga a cikin wannan kasuwa ta ƙasa don na'urorin lantarki.

Canje-canje a cikin haɗe-haɗen samfur: sarrafa wutar lantarki yana amfana daga haɓakawa a cikin kayan lantarki da masana'antu

Tun daga 1990s, rabon samfuran sarkar sigina ya ragu a hankali.a cikin 1981, amplifiers masu aiki sun kai kashi 19% na kasuwar guntu na analog, yayin da a cikin 2018 wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa 6% kuma kasuwar ta girma daga dala miliyan 200 kawai zuwa dala biliyan 3.5.Masu canza dijital-zuwa-analog suma, daga 1981 zuwa 2018, rabon masu canza dijital-zuwa-analog a cikin kwakwalwan analog ɗin ya ragu daga 19% zuwa 6%, kuma girman kasuwa ya girma daga dalar Amurka miliyan 300 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 3.9.

Kwakwalwar sarrafa wutar lantarki, a gefe guda, sun girma cikin sauri tun cikin 1990s, suna girma zuwa wani babban yanki na masana'antar guntu na analog.a 1981, kasuwar sarrafa wutar lantarki dala miliyan 100 ne kawai, kuma a yau, ya girma zuwa masana'antar dala biliyan 25.Rabon guntuwar sarrafa wutar lantarki a kasuwar guntu na analog ya ƙaru da sauri daga 8% a cikin 1981 da 9% a cikin 1995 zuwa 43% a yau (2018).

Mun yi imanin cewa wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ci gaba da sabbin buƙatun sarrafa wutar lantarki a ɓangaren mabukaci.Ƙaddamar da ƙananan ƙarfi, ƙananan taro, da na'urori masu ɗaukuwa sun haifar da haɓaka fasahohin ingantaccen canjin wutar lantarki da buƙatu.

Bukatar tanadin ƙaramin ƙarfi a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci yana haifar da haɓakar masana'antar sarrafa wutar lantarki.Tare da ƙarin sabbin abubuwa zuwa na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, sauti, bidiyo, da sauransu, na'urorin lantarki masu amfani suna ci gaba da zama masu rikitarwa.Ba wai kawai amfani da wutar lantarki na samfuran lantarki ke ƙaruwa tare da kowace rana ta wucewa ba, amma adadin ƙarfin lantarki da ke buƙatar tallafi kuma yana ƙaruwa, da gaske yana buƙatar kwakwalwan sarrafa wutar lantarki wanda zai iya haɓaka haɓakar canjin makamashi, da haɓaka lokacin jiran aiki yayin haɓaka haɗin kai zuwa goyi bayan ƙarfin lantarki da yawa.Bugu da ƙari, yayin da haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin lithium ya ragu, don haka hanyar kawai don neman ci gaba shine daga guntu sarrafa wutar lantarki.Sabili da haka, haɓaka na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci yana ci gaba da fitar da masu kera guntu na analog don gabatar da kwakwalwan sarrafa wutar lantarki tare da ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, inganci mafi girma, da ƙananan girma, inganta haɓakar masana'antar sarrafa wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya.

Bukatar ceton wutar lantarki a manyan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki a bangaren masana'antu ya kuma haifar da ci gaban masana'antar sarrafa wutar lantarki.Amfani da makamashi a fannin masana'antu ya fito ne daga injina da hasken wuta.Motoci galibi fanfu, fanfo, compressors, injunan watsawa da dai sauransu. makamashin da injina ke cinyewa ya kai kusan kashi 80% na yawan wutar lantarkin masana'antu.Don haka, buƙatar ceton makamashi a cikin masana'antu ya haifar da kwakwalwan sarrafa wutar lantarki don ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen canji.Misali, amfani da injina masu saurin canzawa zai iya ceton kashi 40% na amfani da makamashi, kuma amfani da wutar lantarki mai inganci sosai zai iya ajiyewa har zuwa kashi 35%, duk wani guntu na sarrafa wutar lantarki na ci gaba.

A nan gaba, sabon buƙatun za su ci gaba da fitar da ci gaban ikon sarrafa, daga farkon sauki dabaru kula da LED lighting zuwa mafi keɓaɓɓen buƙatun na yau dimming da canza launi, sa gaba mafi hadaddun da fasaha iko bukatun ga ikon kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Bugu da ƙari, wasu kayan aiki don dacewa da yanayin ɗaukar hoto, samar da wutar lantarki na kayan aiki daga adaftar wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin baturi, suna kawo buƙatun guntu na batir da yawa.

Canza samfuran kasuwanci: haɓakar kwakwalwan kwamfuta na tushen aikace-aikacen yana rage mahimmancin fabs ɗin da aka gina da kansa

Tsarin ma'auni da na'urorin analog na tushen aikace-aikacen yana adawa da girman jigilar kaya da girman kasuwa.Dangane da girman jigilar kaya, rabon daidaitattun kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog (64%) ya fi na na'urorin analog na musamman (36%), amma dangane da girman kasuwa, chips ɗin analog na musamman (62%) ne. sama da daidaitattun kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog (38%).Raba.

Mun yi imanin cewa kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog na tushen aikace-aikacen suna fuskantar buƙatu na musamman tare da ƙarin ƙima.Tsari da ƙirar gine-gine sune manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don haɓaka aiki a na'urorin analog.Daidaitaccen kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog gabaɗaya, tare da ƙira sun bambanta kaɗan daga masana'anta zuwa masana'anta, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙara darajar.Gasa tsakanin masana'antun ya dogara da yawa akan tsari da fasaha kuma yana buƙatar ɗimbin ƙira da aka gina kai.

Daidaitaccen kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog suna fuskantar buƙatar ƙarancin farashi da ƙarancin girma don haka suna mai da hankali kan tsarin.Ana samun ƙananan farashi ta hanyar rage tsarin guntu don rage girman layi, don haka yana ba da damar ƙananan masu girma da ƙananan farashi tare da aikin iri ɗaya.A cikin farkon kwanakin, babban buƙatun kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog shine daidaitattun kwakwalwan kwamfuta-manufa na gaba ɗaya, alal misali, ADI ya tara fa'idodin tsari ta hanyar saka hannun jari mai sauri a cikin ginin tsire-tsire a cikin 80s da 90s.

Ana fuskantar kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu dacewa da aikace-aikace tare da buƙatu daban-daban, don haka sun fi dacewa da ƙira kuma suna da ƙarin ƙima.A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da rikitarwa na tsarin lantarki ya karu, gyare-gyare na musamman don wani nau'i na nau'i na musamman ya zama mafi mahimmanci, musamman a cikin masana'antun masana'antu inda yawancin abokan ciniki ke da bukatun da ba su dace ba dangane da saurin gudu, daidaito, haɗin kai, farashi, da girma, da ake bukata. Masu kera guntu analog don yin ciniki don cimma ingantacciyar manufa gabaɗaya, wanda ke buƙatar ƙwararrun ma'aikatan R&D don ƙira.Gina fas ɗin su don haɓaka ayyukan ya zama ƙasa da mahimmanci kuma a sakamakon haka, bayan 2000, kashe babban kuɗaɗen ADI a matsayin kaso na tsabar kuɗin aiki ya ragu sosai kuma yawancin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ana samun su ta amfani da tushen TSMC.

A nan gaba, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog na tushen aikace-aikacen za su haifar da haɓaka a cikin dillalai marasa inganci.Bayyanar abubuwan da aka samo asali kamar TSMC da SMIC ya ba kamfanonin guntu damar guje wa babban nauyin ginin fabs da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen guntu da kansu, wanda ke haifar da ƙirƙirar fab ɗin fabless da yawa (Fabless).Abubuwan da aka samar na IC na Mainland na kasar Sin ya karu daga dalar Amurka biliyan 5.66 a shekarar 2010 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 24.75 a shekarar 2016, adadin da ya karu da kashi 28% na shekara-shekara, kuma yawan kamfanonin tatsuniyoyi ya karu daga 569 a shekarar 2012 zuwa 1,362 a shekarar 2016. Nan gaba, kamar yadda Bukatar kwakwalwan kwamfuta na tushen aikace-aikacen yana ƙaruwa a masana'antu daban-daban, kamfanoni masu fa'ida tare da kyakkyawan ƙira da ƙarfin haɓaka ana tsammanin su fice.