Kayan Wutar Lantarki IC Chips Integrated Circuits IC TPS74701QDRCRQ1 tabo daya saya

Dangantaka tsakanin wafers da kwakwalwan kwamfuta

Bayanin wafers

Don fahimtar alakar da ke tsakanin wafers da guntu, abin da ke biyowa shine bayyani na mahimman abubuwan wafer da ilimin guntu.

(i) Menene wafer

Wafers su ne siliki wafers da ake amfani da su wajen samar da na'urorin haɗin gwiwar silicon semiconductor, wanda ake kira wafers saboda siffar madauwari;ana iya sarrafa su a kan wafers na silicon don samar da nau'ikan sassa daban-daban kuma su zama samfuran kewayawa tare da takamaiman ayyukan lantarki.Danyen kayan da ake amfani da su na wafers siliki ne, kuma akwai wadataccen silicon dioxide da ba ya ƙarewa a saman ɓawon ƙasa.Silicon dioxide tama ana tace a cikin wutar lantarki baka tanderu, chlorinated da hydrochloric acid da distilled don samar da wani babban tsarki polysilicon tare da tsarki na 99.99999999999%.

(ii) Kayan asali na wafers

Ana tace siliki daga yashi ma'adini kuma ana tsarkake wafers (99.999%) daga silikon siliki, wanda aka sanya shi ya zama sandunan siliki waɗanda ke zama kayan aikin quartz semiconductor don haɗaɗɗun da'irori.

(iii) Tsarin masana'anta na Wafer

Wafers sune ainihin kayan don kera kwakwalwan semiconductor.Mafi mahimmancin albarkatun ƙasa don haɗin haɗin gwiwar semiconductor shine silicon don haka ya dace da wafern silicon.

Ana samun siliki a cikin yanayi a cikin nau'in silicates ko silicon dioxide a cikin duwatsu da tsakuwa.Ana iya taƙaita ƙera wafers na siliki a cikin matakai na asali guda uku: gyaran siliki da tsarkakewa, haɓakar silicon crystal guda ɗaya, da ƙirƙira wafer.

Na farko shine tsarkakewar silicon, inda ake saka danyen yashi da tsakuwa a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki a zafin jiki na kusan 2000 ° C kuma a gaban tushen carbon.A yanayin zafi mai zafi, carbon da silicon dioxide a cikin yashi da tsakuwa suna fuskantar wani sinadari (carbon yana haɗuwa da oxygen, barin silicon) don samun siliki mai tsafta tare da tsaftar kusan 98%, wanda kuma aka sani da silicon darajan ƙarfe, wanda ba haka bane. tsarkakakken isa ga microelectronic na'urorin saboda kayan lantarki na kayan semiconductor suna da matukar damuwa ga tattarawar ƙazanta.Saboda haka ana ƙara tsarkake darajar siliki mai ƙarfe: silikon da aka murƙushe ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana ƙarƙashin amsawar chlorination tare da hydrogen chloride gaseous don samar da silane na ruwa, wanda sannan aka distilled kuma an rage shi da sinadarai ta hanyar samar da silicon polycrystalline mai tsafta tare da tsaftar 99.99999999999999. %, wanda ya zama siliki siliki.

Na gaba yana zuwa ci gaban silicon monocrystalline, hanyar da aka fi sani da ake kira kai tsaye jawo (hanyar CZ).Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zanen da ke ƙasa, ana sanya polysilicon mai tsafta a cikin ma'aunin quartz kuma a ci gaba da ci gaba da dumama tare da injin graphite da ke kewaye da waje, yana kiyaye zafin jiki a kusan 1400 ° C.Gas a cikin tanderun yawanci ba shi da ƙarfi, yana barin polysilicon ya narke ba tare da ƙirƙirar halayen sinadarai maras so ba.Don samar da lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya, ana sarrafa madaidaicin lu'ulu'u: ana jujjuya crucible tare da narke polysilicon, an nutsar da kristal iri a ciki, kuma ana ɗaukar sandar zane a cikin kishiyar shugabanci yayin da sannu a hankali kuma a tsaye ke jan shi zuwa sama daga siliki narke.Narkar da polysilicon ɗin yana manne zuwa kasan kristal iri kuma yana girma zuwa sama a cikin tsarin tsarin lattice na kristal iri.