Zafafan tayin Ic guntu (Electronic Components IC Semiconductor guntu) XAZU3EG-1SFVC784I

Halayen Samfur

Ba da rahoton Kuskuren Bayanin Samfur

Duba Makamantan

Takardu & Mai jarida

Rarraba Muhalli & Fitarwa

tsarin-on-chip(SoC)

Atsarin a guntukotsarin-on-chip(SoC) wanihadedde kewayewanda ke haɗa yawancin ko duk abubuwan da ke cikin kwamfuta ko wasutsarin lantarki.Waɗannan abubuwan kusan koyaushe sun haɗa da anaúrar sarrafawa ta tsakiya(CPU),ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyamusaya, on-chipshigarwa/fitarwana'urori,shigarwa/fitarwamusaya, dana biyu ajiyamusaya, sau da yawa tare da sauran sassa kamarradiyo modemskuma anaúrar sarrafa hoto(GPU) - duk akan guda ɗayasubstrateko kuma microchip.^[1]Yana iya ƙunshidijital,analog,gauraye-sigina, kuma sau da yawamitar rediyo sarrafa siginaayyuka (in ba haka ba ana la'akari da mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen kawai).

Ana haɗa SoC mafi girma da yawa tare da keɓewa da keɓance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta zahiri da ma'ajiyar sakandare (kamarLPDDRkumaeUFSkoeMMC, bi da bi) kwakwalwan kwamfuta, waɗanda za a iya shimfiɗa su a saman SoC a cikin abin da aka sani da akunshin akan kunshin(PoP), ko a sanya shi kusa da SoC.Bugu da ƙari, SoCs na iya amfani da mara waya ta dabanmodem.^[2]

SoCs sun bambanta da na gargajiya na gama-garimotherboard- tushenPC gine-gine, wanda ke raba sassa dangane da aiki kuma ya haɗa su ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta tsakiya.^{[Nb 1]}Ganin cewa uwayen uwa suna gidaje kuma suna haɗa abubuwan da za'a iya cirewa ko maye gurbinsu, SoCs suna haɗa duk waɗannan abubuwan zuwa cikin da'irar haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya.SoC yawanci zai haɗa CPU, zane-zane da mu'amalar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,^{[Nb 2]}na biyu ajiya da kuma kebul connectivity,^{[Nb 3]} shiga bazuwarkumakaranta-kawai abubuwan tunawada ma'ajiyar sakandare da/ko masu kula da su a kan da'irar guda ɗaya sun mutu, yayin da motherboard zai haɗa waɗannan kayayyaki kamarhankali aka gyarakokatunan fadada.

An SoC ya haɗa amicrocontroller,microprocessorko watakila da yawa na'urorin sarrafawa tare da na'urori kamar aGPU,Wi-Fikumasadarwar salulamodem rediyo, da/ko ɗaya ko fiyemasu gudanar da aiki.Kamar yadda microcontroller ke haɗa microprocessor tare da kewayawa na gefe da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ana iya ganin SoC azaman haɗawa da microcontroller tare da ƙarin ci gaba.na gefe.Don bayyani na abubuwan haɗin tsarin, dubatsarin hadewa.

Ƙirar tsarin tsarin kwamfuta mai ƙarfi yana ingantayida rageamfani da wutar lantarkihar dasemiconductor mutuyanki fiye da ƙirar guntu da yawa tare da aiki daidai.Wannan ya zo a farashin ragewamaye gurbinsuna sassa.Ta hanyar ma'anar, ƙirar SoC gabaɗaya ce ko kuma kusan gabaɗaya a haɗe ta cikin sassa daban-dabankayayyaki.Saboda waɗannan dalilai, an sami ci gaba gabaɗaya don ƙara haɗa abubuwan da ke cikinkwamfuta hardware masana'antu, a wani ɓangare saboda tasirin SoCs da darussan da aka koya daga kasuwannin wayar hannu da haɗaɗɗen kwamfuta.Ana iya kallon SoCs a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban yanayin zuwasaka kwamfutakumahardware hanzari.

SoCs suna da yawa a cikinwayar hannu kwamfuta(kamar inwayoyin komai da ruwankakumakwamfutocin kwamfutar hannu) kumagefen kwamfutakasuwanni.^[3][4]Ana kuma amfani da su da yawa a cikisaka tsarinkamar Wi-Fi router da kumaIntanet na abubuwa.

Nau'ukan

Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan SoC guda uku da ake iya bambanta:

• SoCs da aka gina a kusa da amicrocontroller,
• SoCs da aka gina a kusa da amicroprocessor, sau da yawa ana samun su a cikin wayoyin hannu;
• Na musammantakamaiman aikace-aikace hadedde kewayeSoCs da aka ƙera don takamaiman aikace-aikace waɗanda basu dace da nau'ikan biyu na sama ba.

Aikace-aikace[gyara]

Ana iya amfani da SoCs ga kowane aikin kwamfuta.Koyaya, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin lissafin wayar hannu kamar allunan, wayoyi, smartwatches da netbooks da kumasaka tsarinkuma a aikace-aikace inda a bayamicrocontrollersza a yi amfani da.

Tsarin da aka haɗa[gyara]

Inda a baya kawai microcontrollers za a iya amfani da su, SoCs suna tashi don yin fice a cikin kasuwar tsarin da aka haɗa.Haɗin tsarin da ya fi ƙarfin yana ba da ingantaccen aminci da aminciyana nufin lokaci tsakanin gazawa, da SoCs suna ba da ƙarin ayyuka na ci gaba da ƙarfin kwamfuta fiye da na'urori masu sarrafawa.^[5]Aikace-aikace sun haɗa daAI hanzari, sakainji hangen nesa,^[6] tattara bayanai,telemetry,sarrafa vectorkumahankali na yanayi.Sau da yawa saka SoCs suna kaiwa hariintanet na abubuwa,intanet na masana'antu na abubuwakumagefen kwamfutakasuwanni.

Kwamfuta ta wayar hannu[gyara]

Kwamfuta ta wayar hannutushen SoCs koyaushe suna haɗa na'urori masu sarrafawa, abubuwan tunawa, akan-chipcaches,sadarwar mara wayaiyawa da sau da yawakyamarar dijitalhardware da firmware.Tare da haɓaka girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, babban ƙarshen SoCs sau da yawa ba za su sami ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ajiyar filasha ba maimakon haka, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daflash memoryza a sanya dama kusa, ko sama (kunshin akan kunshin), da SoC.^[7]Wasu misalan SoCs na lissafin wayar hannu sun haɗa da:

• Samsung Electronics:jeri, yawanci bisaARM
  • Exynos, wanda Samsung ke amfani da shi musammanGalaxyjerin wayoyin komai da ruwanka
• Qualcomm:
  • Snapdragon(jeri), ana amfani da su a yawancinLG,Xiaomi,Google Pixel,HTCda kuma wayoyin Samsung Galaxy.A cikin 2018, ana amfani da Snapdragon SoCs azaman kashin baya nakwamfutar tafi-da-gidankaguduWindows 10, wanda aka yi kasuwa a matsayin "Kwayoyin PC masu Haɗin kai Koyaushe".^[8][9]