Halayen Samfur

Sarkar sigina da sarrafa wutar lantarki: mahimman nau'ikan guntu na analog guda biyu

Samfuran sarkar sigina, waɗanda galibi sun ƙunshi amplifiers masu aiki da masu sauya bayanai, suna ɗaukar buƙatun hulɗar bayanai.A cikin tsarin haɗin dijital-zuwa-analog, cikakken tsarin sarrafa sigina kamar haka.

Sensors: Sigina na zahiri daga duniyar waje, yawanci sauti, hotuna, zazzabi, zafi, matsa lamba, da sauransu, ana samun su ta na'urori masu auna firikwensin kuma suna jujjuya su zuwa siginar analog na ci gaba da dacewa da waɗannan sigina na zahiri, yawanci a cikin nau'in ƙarfin lantarki / halin yanzu.

Amplifiers da masu tacewa: Ana sarrafa siginar analog ta raka'o'in sanyaya sigina da suka ƙunshi amplifiers da masu tacewa.Amplifier yana aiki don ƙara ƙarami, siginar analog mai rauni don daidaita su zuwa cikakken kewayon shigarwar ADC;tace tana aiki ne musamman don iyakance siginar don biyan buƙatun ka'idar samfurin Nyquist.

Mai sauya bayanai: ADC tana jujjuya wutar lantarki da aka sarrafa/ siginar yanzu zuwa madaidaicin adadi na dijital, wanda aka bayar zuwa naúrar dijital ta gaba don sarrafawa.

Ayyukan dijital: Ana ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu ƙima ta hanyar tsarin sarrafa dijital (MCU, DSP, ko FPGA), wanda yawanci ana amfani dashi don aiwatar da algorithms sarrafa siginar dijital.

Mai jujjuya bayanai: Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na dijital bayan sarrafawa ta tsarin sarrafa dijital ana aika su zuwa DAC, ta inda ake sake canza su zuwa siginar analog mai ci gaba.

Tace: Kamar yadda siginar fitarwa ta DAC ta ƙunshi manyan abubuwan haɗin “mataki”, ana amfani da tacewa na sake daidaitawa don tace ƙarar ƙararrawa mai girma, wanda ke haifar da siginar fitarwa na analog da aka sake saita.

Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan shine amplifier mai aiki da mai sauya bayanai.

Amplifiers na aiki sune "tubalan ginin asali" na da'irori na analog kuma ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa.Amplifiers na aiki sune da'irori na haɓakawa waɗanda ke ƙarawa da haɗa siginar analog kuma galibi ana amfani dasu don ƙara ƙarami, sigina masu rauni zuwa manyan.A lokaci guda, amplifiers masu aiki sune tushen na'urorin analog da yawa, kamar masu canza dijital-zuwa-analog, masu juyawa-zuwa-ƙarfin lantarki, masu tacewa, masu kwatanta, da masu sarrafa layi.Ana iya cewa amplifiers masu aiki sune "tubalan gini na asali" na da'irori na analog.

Masu sauya bayanai sune gada tsakanin tsarin analog da dijital kuma suna da mahimmanci.Mai canza siginar analog-to-dijital (ADC) shine ke da alhakin canza siginar analog zuwa siginar dijital kuma mai canza dijital-zuwa-analog (DAC) yana da alhakin canza siginar dijital zuwa siginar analog.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna canza yanayin yanayin duniya na ainihi, matsa lamba, sauti, da sauransu zuwa siginar lantarki, waɗanda galibi siginar analog ne kuma ba za a iya gane su da sarrafa su ta tsarin dijital ba.Ta hanyar tuba ta ADC kawai za a iya kama su da sarrafa su ta MCU.Bugu da ƙari, masu magana, da dai sauransu suna buƙatar shigar da siginar analog don aiki, don haka ana buƙatar DACs don canza fitar da siginar dijital ta tsarin dijital zuwa siginar analog.Don haka, duk lokacin da aka haɗa aikin sarrafa dijital, dole ne mai sauya bayanai ya kasance.

Op-amps sune tushen na'urorin analog da yawa, alal misali, masu tacewa sun ƙunshi op-amps da resistors.

Masu sauya bayanai sun haɗa da masu canza dijital-zuwa-analog (DACs) da masu juyawa-zuwa-dijital (ADCs)

Gudanar da wutar lantarki abu ne da ake buƙata don da'irori na lantarki.Muddin tsarin lantarki yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki ta gama gari sune adaftar wutar lantarki, batura, da sauransu. Dangane da nau'in shigarwa da fitarwa na yanzu, zamu iya rarraba manajan wutar lantarki zuwa manyan nau'ikan 4: AC-DC (mai gyara), AC. -AC (inverter, da dai sauransu), DC-DC (chopper), da kuma DC-AC (inverter).

Masu gyara gyara (AC-DC) galibi suna da alhakin juyar da wutar AC zuwa wutar DC kuma ana samun su a cikin adaftar wutar lantarki don kwamfyutoci.

Masu canza AC-AC (AC-AC) suna da alhakin canza wani mitar wutar AC zuwa wani madaidaicin mitar wutar AC.

Mai canza DC-DC (DC-DC) yana juyar da wutar DC zuwa wani ƙarfin DC tare da nau'ikan mita, lokaci, halin yanzu, da halayen ƙarfin lantarki.

Inverters (DC-AC) masu sauya wutar lantarki da ke juyar da wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa wutar AC, wasu na kiran su da masu canza wuta, kuma su ne manyan abubuwan da AC fitarwa ke sauya wutar lantarki da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa (UPS).

Chips management chips hadedde ikon sarrafa da'irori wanda manyan ayyuka su ne ƙarfin lantarki ka'idar, ƙarfin lantarki, m halin yanzu, AC-DC hira, da dai sauransu An raba su zuwa linear voltage regulators (LDO), caji-pump (Charger-pump) chips, DC. -DC masu canza (DC-DC), AC-DC converters (AC-DC), LED direban chips, da dai sauransu. Na yau da kullum aikace-aikace su ne caja da LED direbobi ga mabukaci Electronics kamar wayar hannu da kuma kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka.Misali, masu sarrafa wutar lantarki suna saukar da babban ƙarfin lantarki na 220V kuma suna fitar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na DC don amfani a cikin kwamfutocin littafin rubutu;Direbobin LED suna haɓaka samar da wutar lantarki ta cikin wayoyin hannu don fitar da fitilun kyamara.