Halayen Samfur

Wani babban caca ga guntu giant

Intel ba zai taɓa rasa ƙarfin gwiwa don karya baya ba.

Idan ka juya hannun lokaci zuwa 1985, za ka ga cewa Intel yana yanke shawara iri ɗaya a yau kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin - don fita daga kasuwar ajiya.

Shekaru talatin da bakwai da suka gabata, wannan shawarar ficewa daga cikin kasuwar ajiya ce ta haifar da babban matsayi na Intel a bangaren microprocessor.Don haka bayan shekaru 37, wane irin makoma irin wannan shawarar za ta kawo wa Intel?

Yin watsi da ajiya don ɗaukar babban matakin CPU

A cikin shekaru biyu ko talatin da suka gabata, Intel yana da cikakken iko a fagen microprocessors na kwamfuta, da zarar ya mamaye fiye da 80% na kasuwar duniya na kwamfuta da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na uwar garke, kuma filin CPU yana da haske sosai cewa mutane sun taɓa manta cewa Intel. asalin masana'anta ne na semiconductor, kamfani na farko a duniya don tallata DRAM.

An kafa shi a cikin 1968, samfurin farko na Intel shine guntu mai sarrafa 64-bit mai sarrafa bipolar, mai suna 3101, wanda ke biye da babban ƙarfin farko (256-bit) memorin oxide semiconductor, 1101, kuma farkon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar bazuwar mai ƙarfi tare da iyawa. na 1KB, 1103. “1103″.Tare da ma'aunin farashi/aiki mai tsayi sosai, kayayyakin ajiyar Intel sun yi karanci, kuma har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, Intel ne zakara a fagen DRAM.

Duk da haka, farkon yakin farashin Japan ne ya ja Intel daga kursiyin semiconductor na ajiya.

A shekarar 1976, karkashin jagorancin Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu ta Japan (MITI), tare da Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, da NEC a matsayin kashin bayan manyan kamfanoni biyar, Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Kasa da Kasa da Masana'antu ta Laboratory Technology (EIL). Cibiyar Nazarin Fasahar Fasaha ta Masana'antu ta Japan (JITRI) Cibiyar Nazarin Electronics Research Institute da Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwamfuta, sun kafa "Rukunin Bincike na Haɗin gwiwar VLSI", tare da zuba jari 72 An kafa ƙungiyar VLSI tare da zuba jari na 72 yen biliyan don haɗin gwiwar bincike microfabrication. fasahohin don haɗaɗɗun da'irori.

A cikin 1981, an fara yaƙin gaske tsakanin Amurka da Japan.Chip 3200 da Panasonic ya harba ya zama doki mai duhu a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya, tare da rahusa da inganci fiye da guntuwar Intel 8087, kuma cikin sauri ya mamaye kasuwar Amurka.Masana'antar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Jafananci ta haifar da faɗuwar farashin na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na Intel daga dalar Amurka 28 zuwa dalar Amurka 6 a cikin shekara guda, kuma kasuwar ta ta faɗi ƙasa da kashi 20%.1984 ya ga rugujewar aikin Intel.

A cikin 1985, Andy Grove ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana mai da hankalin kasuwancin Intel daga kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta na CPU.Wannan shi ne karon farko da Intel ya janye daga kasuwar ajiyar kayayyaki, kuma wannan shawarar ce ta kai ga mamaye kasuwar microprocessor na duniya daga baya.

Intel ya riga ya ƙaddamar da microprocessor na farko a duniya, 4004, a cikin 1971;8080, wanda masana suka yaba a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi nasara microprocessors a kowane lokaci, a 1974;tsarin gine-ginen x86, wanda a yanzu ya shahara, ya fara fitowa a cikin na'ura mai sarrafa kwamfuta 8086 a shekarar 1978;da 8088, wanda ya haifar da zamanin microcomputer, a cikin 1979. Na'ura mai sarrafa 8088, wanda ya haifar da zamanin microcomputer, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1979. Duk da cewa kamfanin ya riga ya yi alama a cikin microprocessor, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kasance har yanzu. babban tushen Intel a lokacin, tare da microprocessors kawai a gefe.

Bayan da ya yanke shawarar canza kasuwancinsa a 1985, Intel ya ƙaddamar da jerin na'urori masu mahimmanci irin su 80386, 80486, da Pentium (Pentium), wanda 80386 shine farkon microprocessor 32-bit kuma Pentium processor yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma. muhimman fasahohin 1990s.Tare da Microsoft, Intel ya kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na tsohon sarki, IBM, kuma ya zama sabon sarkin duniyar PC, kuma har yau babu wanda a cikin masana'antar PC ya iya karya tsarin Windows da Intel Wintel.

Wannan karshen ya faru kamar yadda muka sani, kamar yadda masana'antar kwamfuta ta sirri, wacce PC ke wakilta, ta tsiro kuma ta zama babbar nasara, kasuwancin microprocessor na Intel ya sami damar kawar da hanzari kuma Intel ya girma daga masana'antar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa guntu hegemon.Zuwa kashi na uku na 2002, rabon Intel na kasuwar microprocessor na duniya ya kai kashi 85.9 cikin ɗari.