BOM Bayanin Kayan Kayan Wutar Lantarki Direba IC Chip IR2103STRPBF

Halayen Samfur

Takardu & Mai jarida

Rarraba Muhalli & Fitarwa

Direbobin Kofa

Direban kofa shine amplifier mai ƙarfi wanda ke karɓar shigarwar ƙaramin ƙarfi daga mai sarrafawa IC kuma yana samar da shigarwar tuƙi mai girma na yanzu don ƙofar babban transistor mai ƙarfi kamar IGBT ko MOSFET mai ƙarfi.Ana iya ba da direbobin ƙofa ko dai a kan guntu ko a matsayin ƙirar mai hankali.Ainihin, direban kofa ya ƙunshi madaidaicin matakin a hade tare da amplifier.Direban kofa IC yana aiki azaman haɗin kai tsakanin siginar sarrafawa (masu sarrafa dijital ko na analog) da masu sauya wuta (IGBTs, MOSFETs, SiC MOSFETs, da GaN HEMTs).Magani mai haɗaɗɗen ƙofa-direba yana rage rikitaccen ƙira, lokacin haɓakawa, lissafin kayan aiki (BOM), da sararin allo yayin inganta dogaro akan hanyoyin da aka aiwatar da ƙofa da hankali.

Tarihi

A cikin 1989, International Rectifier (IR) ya gabatar da samfurin direba na HVIC na farko na monolithic, fasahar haɗaɗɗen da'ira mai ƙarfi (HVIC) tana amfani da haƙƙin mallaka da tsarin mallakar mallaka wanda ke haɗa na'urorin bipolar, CMOS, da na'urorin DMOS na gefe tare da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki sama da 700 V da 1400 V don aiki da wutar lantarki na 600 V da 1200 V.[2]

Yin amfani da wannan gauraya-siginar fasahar HVIC, ana iya aiwatar da duka biyun babban matakin-canzawa da'irori da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da da'irori na dijital.Tare da ikon sanya ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi (a cikin 'rijiya' da aka kafa ta zoben polysilicon), wanda zai iya 'tasowa' 600 V ko 1200 V, akan siliki iri ɗaya nesa da sauran ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, babban gefe. MOSFETs masu iko ko IGBTs suna wanzu a cikin shahararrun wuraren da'irar layi na waje kamar su buck, haɓaka aiki tare, rabin gada, cikakken gada da mataki uku.Direbobin ƙofa na HVIC tare da maɓalli masu iyo sun dace da kyau don topologies da ke buƙatar babban gefe, gada, da daidaitawar matakai uku.[3]

Manufar

Sabanin hakabipolar transistor, MOSFETs ba sa buƙatar shigar da wutar lantarki akai-akai, muddin ba a kunna su ko kashe su ba.Keɓaɓɓen ƙofar-electrode na MOSFET yana samar da acapacitor(gate capacitor), wanda dole ne a caje ko cire shi duk lokacin da MOSFET ta kunna ko kashe.Kamar yadda transistor ke buƙatar takamaiman ƙarfin kofa don kunnawa, dole ne a caja capacitor na ƙofar zuwa aƙalla ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙofar da ake buƙata don kunna transistor.Hakazalika, don kashe transistor, wannan cajin dole ne a tarwatse, watau capacitor na ƙofar.

Lokacin da aka kunna ko kashe transistor, ba ya canzawa nan da nan daga wanda ba ya aiki zuwa yanayin gudanarwa;kuma yana iya goyan bayan babban ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi da gudanar da babban halin yanzu.Don haka, lokacin da aka shafa gate current a kan transistor don sa shi ya canza, ana haifar da wani adadin zafi wanda, a wasu lokuta, ya isa ya lalata transistor.Saboda haka, wajibi ne a kiyaye lokacin sauyawa a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don rage girmancanza hasara[de].Yawancin lokutan sauyawa suna cikin kewayon mitoci.Lokacin sauyawa na transistor ya yi daidai da adadinhalin yanzuamfani da cajin gate.Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar sau da yawa sau da yawa a cikin kewayon ɗari da yawamilliamperes, ko ma a cikin kewayonamperes.Don matsakaicin ƙarfin kofa na kusan 10-15V, da yawawataana iya buƙatar iko don fitar da maɓalli.Lokacin da aka kunna manyan igiyoyin ruwa a manyan mitoci, misali a cikiMasu sauya DC-zuwa-DCko babbainjinan lantarki, A wasu lokuta ana samar da transistor da yawa a layi daya, ta yadda za a samar da isassun isassun igiyoyin sauyawa da sauyawar wutar lantarki.

Siginar sauyawa don transistor yawanci ana haifar da shi ta hanyar da'irar dabaru ko amicrocontroller, wanda ke ba da siginar fitarwa wanda yawanci ke iyakance ga ƴan milliamperes na halin yanzu.Saboda haka, transistor wanda irin wannan siginar ke sarrafa kai tsaye zai canza a hankali, tare da asarar wutar lantarki daidai.Yayin sauyawa, capacitor na gate na transistor na iya zana halin yanzu da sauri ta yadda zai haifar da wuce gona da iri a cikin da'irar dabaru ko microcontroller, haifar da zafi mai zafi wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ko ma lalata guntu.Don hana faruwar hakan, ana ba da direban kofa tsakanin siginar fitarwar microcontroller da transistor wuta.

Cajin famfoana yawan amfani da su a cikiH-Bridgesa high side drivers ga ƙofa yana tuƙi babban gefen n-channelikon MOSFETkumaIGBTs.Ana amfani da waɗannan na'urori saboda kyakkyawan aikinsu, amma suna buƙatar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙofa kaɗan sama da layin wutar lantarki.Lokacin da tsakiyar gadar rabin gada ta ragu ana cajin capacitor ta hanyar diode, kuma ana amfani da wannan cajin don fitar da ƙofar babban gefen ƙofar FET ƴan volts sama da tushen ko emitter fil ɗin lantarki don kunna ta.Wannan dabarar tana aiki da kyau matuƙar ana kunna gadar akai-akai kuma ta guje wa rikitacciyar hanyar gudanar da wutar lantarki daban kuma ta ba da damar ingantattun na'urorin n-tashar da za a yi amfani da su duka biyu masu girma da ƙananan musaya.