Abubuwan Kayan Wuta na Wuta na Wuta na Bom Jerin Mcu TLC7733IDR LMR33630BQRNXRQ1 LM431CIM3/NOPB TMS320F28033PAGT IC Chip

1.Zane na guntu.

Mataki na farko a cikin ƙira, saita manufa

Mataki mafi mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar IC shine ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Wannan yana kama da yanke shawarar ɗakuna da dakunan wanka nawa kuke so, waɗanne ka'idodin gini kuke buƙatar bi, sannan ku ci gaba da ƙira bayan kun ƙayyade duk ayyukan don kada ku kashe ƙarin lokaci akan gyare-gyare na gaba;Tsarin IC yana buƙatar tafiya ta irin wannan tsari don tabbatar da cewa guntuwar da za ta haifar ba ta da kuskure.

Mataki na farko a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai shine ƙayyade manufar IC, menene aikin, da saita jagorar gabaɗaya.Mataki na gaba shine ganin irin ka'idojin da ake buƙatar cikawa, kamar IEEE 802.11 don katin waya, in ba haka ba guntu ba zai dace da sauran samfuran da ke kasuwa ba, yana sa ba za a iya haɗawa da wasu na'urori ba.Mataki na ƙarshe shine kafa yadda IC zata yi aiki, sanya ayyuka daban-daban zuwa raka'a daban-daban da kuma kafa yadda za'a haɗa raka'a daban-daban da juna, don haka kammala ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Bayan zayyana ƙayyadaddun bayanai, lokaci ya yi da za a tsara cikakkun bayanai na guntu.Wannan matakin yana kama da zane na farko na gini, inda aka zana gabaɗayan jita-jita don sauƙaƙe zane na gaba.Game da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na IC, ana yin wannan ta amfani da yaren bayanin kayan masarufi (HDL) don bayyana kewaye.Ana amfani da HDLs kamar Verilog da VHDL don sauƙin bayyana ayyukan IC ta hanyar lambar shirye-shirye.Sa'an nan kuma a duba shirin don daidaitawa kuma a gyara shi har sai ya cika aikin da ake so.

Yadukan photomasks, tara guntu

Da farko dai, yanzu an san cewa IC tana samar da mashin hoto da yawa, waɗanda ke da yadudduka daban-daban, kowanne da aikin sa.Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna misali mai sauƙi na mashin hoto, ta amfani da CMOS, mafi mahimmancin abin da ke cikin da'ira mai haɗaka, a matsayin misali.CMOS hade ne na NMOS da PMOS, suna kafa CMOS.

Kowane matakan da aka bayyana anan yana da ilimin sa na musamman kuma ana iya koyar da shi azaman kwas daban.Misali, rubuta harshen bayanin kayan masarufi yana buƙatar sanin yaren shirye-shirye ba kawai ba, har ma da fahimtar yadda hanyoyin dabaru ke aiki, yadda ake canza algorithms ɗin da ake buƙata zuwa shirye-shirye, da yadda software na haɗawa ke juyar da shirye-shirye zuwa ƙofofin dabaru.

2. Menene wafer?

A cikin labaran semiconductor, koyaushe akwai nassoshi game da fabs dangane da girman, kamar 8" ko 12" fabs, amma menene ainihin wafer?Wani bangare na 8" yake nufi? Kuma menene matsalolin kera manyan wafers? Wannan jagorar mataki-mataki ne ga abin da wafer yake, mafi mahimmancin tushe na semiconductor.

Wafers sune tushen kera kowane nau'in kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Za mu iya kwatanta masana'antar guntu zuwa gina gida tare da tubalan Lego, tare da lissafta su a kan Layer bayan Layer don ƙirƙirar siffar da ake so (watau kwakwalwan kwamfuta daban-daban).Koyaya, ba tare da tushe mai kyau ba, gidan da aka samu zai zama karkatacce kuma ba don son ku ba, don haka don yin cikakken gida, ana buƙatar substrate mai santsi.Game da masana'anta guntu, wannan substrate shine wafer wanda za'a bayyana na gaba.

Daga cikin m kayan, akwai wani musamman crystal tsarin - da monocrystalline.Yana da kaddarorin cewa atom ana jera su daya bayan daya kusa da juna, samar da shimfidar fili na atom.Don haka ana iya amfani da wafers na monocrystalline don biyan waɗannan buƙatun.Duk da haka, akwai manyan matakai guda biyu don samar da irin wannan abu, wato tsarkakewa da kristal ja, bayan haka za'a iya kammala kayan.