LVDS Deserializer 2975Mbps 0.6V Automotive 48-Pin WQFN EP T/R DS90UB928QSQX/NOPB

1.Integrated da'irori da aka kerarre a saman wani semiconductor guntu kuma aka sani da bakin ciki-film hadedde da'irori.Wani nau'in da'ira mai kauri-fim (matasan haɗaɗɗen da'ira) ƙaramin da'ira ce da ta ƙunshi na'urori na ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai da na'urori masu wuce gona da iri waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin ma'auni ko allon kewayawa.
Daga 1949 zuwa 1957, Werner Jacobi, Jeffrey Dummer, Sidney Darlington, da Yasuo Tarui suka kirkiro samfuri, amma Jack Kilby ya ƙirƙira da'ira ta zamani a cikin 1958. .An ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Physics a 2000 saboda wannan, amma Robert Noyce, wanda shi ma ya ƙera da'irar haɗaɗɗiyar zamani a lokaci guda, ya rasu a shekara ta 1990.
Bayan ƙirƙira da yawan samar da transistor, an yi amfani da wasu na'urori masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi irin su diodes da transistor a adadi mai yawa, tare da maye gurbin aiki da rawar da injin bututun ke cikin kewaye.A tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20, ci gaban fasaha na masana'antu na semiconductor ya sa haɗin gwiwar da'irori ya yiwu.Ya bambanta da tsarin haɗawa da da'irori ta hanyar amfani da daidaitattun kayan lantarki masu hankali, haɗaɗɗun da'irori sun ba da izinin haɗa babban adadin ƙananan transistor zuwa ƙaramin guntu, wanda ya kasance babban ci gaba.Ma'auni na yawan aiki, dogaro, da tsarin da'irar ƙirar da'irar haɗaɗɗun da'irori sun tabbatar da saurin ɗaukar daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗaɗɗun da'irori maimakon ƙira ta amfani da transistor masu hankali.
2.Integrated da'irori da biyu main abũbuwan amfãni a kan m transistor: farashi da kuma aiki.Ƙananan farashi shine saboda kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna buga duk abubuwan da aka gyara a matsayin naúrar ta hanyar hoto, maimakon yin transistor guda ɗaya a lokaci guda.Babban aikin shine saboda abubuwan da ke canzawa da sauri kuma suna cinye ƙarancin makamashi saboda abubuwan da aka haɗa suna da ƙanana kuma suna kusa da juna.2006 ya ga wuraren guntu daga ƴan milimita murabba'i zuwa 350 mm² da har zuwa transistor miliyan guda a kowace mm².
Jack Kilby ya kammala da'irar haɗin gwiwar samfurin a cikin 1958 kuma ya ƙunshi transistor bipolar, resistors uku, da capacitor.
Dangane da adadin na'urorin microelectronic hadedde akan guntu, haɗaɗɗen da'irori za a iya raba zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa.
Kananan Sikeli Integrated Circuits (SSI) suna da ƙasa da kofofin dabaru 10 ko transistor 100.
Haɗin Matsakaici (MSI) yana da ƙofofin dabaru 11 zuwa 100 ko transistor 101 zuwa 1k.
Babban Haɗin Kai (LSI) Ƙofofin dabaru 101 zuwa 1k ko transistor 1,001 zuwa 10k.
Haɗin kai mai girma sosai (VLSI) 1,001 ~ 10k kofofin dabaru ko transistor 10,001 ~ 100k.
Babban Haɗin Kai (ULSI) 10,001 ~ 1M kofofin dabaru ko transistor 100,001 ~ 10M.
GLSI (Giga Scale Integration) 1,000,001 ko fiye kofofin dabaru ko 10,000,001 ko fiye transistor.
3.Haɓaka hanyoyin haɗin kai
Haɗe-haɗen da'irori mafi ci gaba suna cikin zuciyar microprocessors ko na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya sarrafa komai daga kwamfutoci zuwa wayoyin hannu zuwa murhun microwave na dijital.Yayin da farashin ƙira da haɓaka haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar tana da yawa sosai, ana rage farashin kowane da'irar haɗaɗɗen lokacin da aka bazu kan samfuran waɗanda galibi ana auna su cikin miliyoyin.Ayyukan ICs yana da girma saboda ƙananan girman yana haifar da gajerun hanyoyi, yana ba da damar yin amfani da da'irar dabaru masu ƙarancin ƙarfi a saurin sauyawa.
A cikin shekaru da yawa, na ci gaba da matsawa zuwa ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ba da damar tattara ƙarin da'irori kowane guntu.Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin kowane yanki na yanki, yana ba da izinin ƙarancin farashi da haɓaka aiki, duba Dokar Moore, inda adadin transistor a cikin IC ya ninka sau biyu kowace shekara 1.5.A taƙaice, kusan duk ma'auni suna haɓaka yayin da nau'ikan nau'ikan ke raguwa, farashin naúrar da sauya amfani da wutar lantarki ya faɗi, da haɓaka saurin gudu.Koyaya, akwai kuma matsaloli tare da ICs waɗanda ke haɗa na'urorin nanoscale, galibi magudanar ruwa.A sakamakon haka, karuwa a cikin sauri da amfani da wutar lantarki yana da kyau ga mai amfani na ƙarshe, kuma masana'antun suna fuskantar babban kalubale na yin amfani da mafi kyawun lissafi.Wannan tsari da ci gaban da ake sa ran a cikin shekaru masu zuwa an kwatanta su da kyau a cikin taswirar fasaha na kasa da kasa don masu ba da izini.
Bayan rabin karni da haɓakar su, haɗaɗɗun da'irori sun zama cikakke kuma kwamfutoci, wayoyin hannu, da sauran na'urorin dijital sun zama wani ɓangare na tsarin zamantakewa.Wannan shi ne saboda tsarin na'ura mai kwakwalwa na zamani, sadarwa, masana'antu, da sufuri, ciki har da Intanet, duk sun dogara ne akan wanzuwar haɗin gwiwar da'irori.Yawancin masana har ma suna la'akari da juyin juya halin dijital da IC ya kawo a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a cikin tarihin ɗan adam, kuma cewa balaga IC zai haifar da babban ci gaba a fasaha, duka dangane da fasahar ƙira da ci gaba a cikin matakai na semiconductor. , duka biyun suna da alaƙa.