Rukunin Yole da ATREG a yau suna yin bitar arzikin masana'antar semiconductor na duniya har zuwa yau kuma suna tattaunawa kan yadda manyan 'yan wasa ke buƙatar saka hannun jari don tabbatar da sarƙoƙi da ƙarfin guntu.
Shekaru biyar da suka gabata sun ga manyan canje-canje a masana'antar kera guntu, kamar Intel ta rasa kambi zuwa sabbin fafatawa biyu, Samsung da TSMC.Babban Manazarci na Leken Asiri Pierre Cambou ya sami damar tattauna halin da ake ciki na yanayin masana'antar semiconductor na duniya da juyin halittar sa.
A cikin tattaunawa mai nisa, sun shafi kasuwa da ci gabanta, da kuma yanayin yanayin duniya da yadda kamfanoni za su iya inganta wadata.An ba da haske kan nazarin sabbin saka hannun jari a cikin masana'antu da dabarun manyan 'yan wasan masana'antu, da kuma tattaunawa kan yadda kamfanonin semiconductor ke karfafa hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a duniya.
Zuba Jari na Duniya
Jimlar kasuwar semiconductor ta duniya ta girma daga darajar dala biliyan 850 a cikin 2021 zuwa dala biliyan 913 a cikin 2022.
Amurka tana da kashi 41% na kasuwa;
Taiwan da China sun karu daga kashi 15% a shekarar 2021 zuwa kashi 17% a shekarar 2022;
Koriya ta Kudu ta ragu daga 17% a cikin 2021 zuwa 13% a 2022;
Japan da Turai ba su canzawa - 11% da 9%, bi da bi;
Kasar Sin ta karu daga kashi 4% a shekarar 2021 zuwa kashi 5% a shekarar 2022.
Kasuwar na'urorin semiconductor sun girma daga dala biliyan 555 a cikin 2021 zuwa dala biliyan 573 a cikin 2022.
Kasuwannin kasuwar Amurka ya karu daga 51% a cikin 2021 zuwa 53% a cikin 2022;
Koriya ta Kudu tana raguwa daga 22% a cikin 2021 zuwa 18% a 2022;
Kasuwar Japan ta karu daga 8% a cikin 2021 zuwa 9% a 2022;
Kasar Sin ta karu daga kashi 5% a shekarar 2021 zuwa kashi 6% a shekarar 2022;
Taiwan da Turai ba su canzawa a kashi 5% da 9% bi da bi.
Duk da haka, bunkasuwar kason kasuwa na kamfanonin na'urorin na'urori na Amurka sannu a hankali yana raguwa da darajar da aka kara, tare da kara darajar duniya ta ragu zuwa 32% nan da shekarar 2022. A halin yanzu, babban yankin kasar Sin ya tsara tsare-tsaren bunkasar da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 143 nan da shekarar 2025.
US da EU CHIPS Dokar
Dokar Chip da Kimiyya ta Amurka, wacce aka zartar a watan Agustan 2022, za ta samar da dala biliyan 53 musamman ga na'urori masu zaman kansu don haɓaka bincike da masana'antu a cikin gida.
Dokar CHIPS ta Tarayyar Turai (EU) na baya-bayan nan, wacce aka zabe ta a watan Afrilu 2023, ta ba da tallafin dala biliyan 47, wanda, tare da kason Amurka, zai iya samar da shirin transatlantic na dala biliyan 100, 53/47% US/EU.
A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, masu yin guntu a duk faɗin duniya suna yin sanarwar saka hannun jari sosai don jawo kuɗin tallafin Dokar CHIPS.Wani sabon kamfani na Amurka Wolfspeed ya ba da sanarwar zuba jarin dala biliyan 5 a cikin masana'antar sa ta silicon carbide (SiC) mai nauyin 200mm a cikin zuciyar Massinami kusa da Utica, New York, wanda ya fara samarwa a Afrilu 2022. Intel, TSMC, IBM, Samsung, Micron Technology da Texas Kayayyakin kuma sun hau kan abin da ATREG ya bayyana a matsayin faɗaɗa fab a cikin ƙoƙarin samun yanki na tallafin kuɗaɗen guntu na Amurka.
Kamfanonin Amurka ne ke da kashi 60% na jarin da kasar ke zubawa a kan na'urori masu armashi.
Babban manazarta a Yole Intelligence, Pierre Kambou, ya ce saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga kasashen waje (DFI) ne ke da sauran.Sa hannun jarin dala biliyan 40 na TSMC a cikin gine-ginen katafaren gini a Arizona yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci, sai Samsung ($ 25 biliyan), SK Hynix ($ 15 biliyan), NXP ($ 2.6 biliyan), Bosch ($ 1.5 biliyan) da X-Fab ($ 200 miliyan) biye. .
Gwamnatin Amurka ba ta da niyyar ba da kuɗin gudanar da aikin gabaɗaya, amma za ta ba da tallafi daidai da kashi 5% zuwa 15% na kuɗin aikin kamfanin, tare da ba a sa ran tallafin zai wuce kashi 35% na kuɗin.Kamfanoni kuma za su iya neman kuɗin haraji don mayar da kashi 25% na kuɗin gini na aikin."Ya zuwa yanzu, jihohi 20 na Amurka sun sadaukar da fiye da dala biliyan 210 a cikin jarin sirri tun lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan dokar CHIPS," in ji Rothrock."Kira na farko don tallafin aikace-aikacen Dokar CHIPS yana buɗewa a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2023 don ayyukan ginawa, faɗaɗawa ko sabunta wuraren kasuwanci don samar da manyan-baki, ƙarni na yanzu da manyan na'urori masu haɓaka-ƙulli, gami da wafer-karshen ƙarshen gaba. samarwa da kuma na'urorin tattara kayan aiki na baya."
"A cikin EU, Intel na shirin gina wani katafaren kaya na dala biliyan 20 a Magdeburg, Jamus, da kuma wani marufi da wurin gwaji na dala biliyan 5 a Poland. Haɗin gwiwar da ke tsakanin STMicroelectronics da GlobalFoundries zai kuma ga zuba jari na dala biliyan 7 a cikin sabon fab a Faransa. Bugu da kari, TSMC, Bosch, NXP da Infineon suna tattaunawa kan hadin gwiwar dala biliyan 11."Cambou ya kara da cewa.
IDM kuma tana saka hannun jari a Turai kuma Infineon Technologies ta ƙaddamar da aikin dala biliyan 5 a Dresden, Jamus."Kamfanonin EU suna da kashi 15% na jarin da aka sanar a cikin EU. DFI tana da kashi 85%," in ji Cambou.
Lokacin da aka yi la'akari da sanarwar daga Koriya ta Kudu da Taiwan, Cambou ya yanke shawarar cewa Amurka za ta sami kashi 26% na jimlar jarin semiconductor na duniya da EU 8%, lura da cewa hakan yana ba Amurka damar sarrafa sarkar samar da kayayyaki, amma ta gaza cimma burin EU. na sarrafa kashi 20% na karfin duniya nan da 2030.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-09-2023