Chips nawa ne a cikin mota?

Chips nawa ne a cikin mota?Ko, guntu nawa ne mota ke buƙata?

Gaskiya, yana da wuya a amsa.Domin ya dogara da tsarin motar da kanta.Kowace mota tana buƙatar nau'in guntu daban-daban, kaɗan kamar dozin zuwa ɗaruruwa, kamar dubbai ko ma dubban guntu.Tare da haɓaka bayanan fasaha na kera, nau'ikan kwakwalwan kwamfuta kuma sun tashi daga 40 zuwa fiye da 150.

Chips na mota, kamar kwakwalwar ɗan adam, ana iya raba su gida biyar ta hanyar aiki: kwamfuta, fahimta, aiwatarwa, sadarwa, ajiya da samar da makamashi.

Ƙarin ɓangarori, za a iya raba zuwa guntu mai sarrafawa, guntu kwamfuta, guntu mai ji, guntu sadarwa,guntun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, guntun tsaro, guntun wuta,guntu direba, Gudanar da wutar lantarki guntu nau'i tara.

Mota guntu rukunai tara:

1. Sarrafa guntu:MCU, SOC

Mataki na farko don fahimtar na'urorin lantarki na mota shine fahimtar sashin sarrafa lantarki.Ana iya cewa ECU wata kwamfuta ce da ke da alaƙa da ke sarrafa manyan tsarin motar.Daga cikin su, MCU na kan jirgin ana iya kiransa kwakwalwar kwamfuta na motar ECU, wanda ke da alhakin ƙididdigewa da sarrafa bayanai daban-daban.

Yawanci, ECU a cikin mota yana da alhakin wani aiki daban, sanye take da MCU, a cewar Deppon Securities.Hakanan ana iya samun lokuta inda ECU ɗaya ke sanye da MCUS biyu.

MCUS yana da kusan kashi 30% na adadin na'urorin semiconductor da ake amfani da su a cikin mota, kuma ana buƙatar aƙalla 70 a kowace mota t.yana sama da guntu MCU.

2. Kwamfuta na kwamfuta: CPU, GPU

CPU yawanci shine cibiyar sarrafawa akan guntun SoC.Amfaninsa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarawa, gudanarwa da iya daidaitawa.Koyaya, CPU yana da ƙarancin raka'o'in kwamfuta kuma ba zai iya saduwa da adadi mai yawa na ayyuka masu sauƙi masu daidaitawa ba.Don haka, guntu mai sarrafa kansa na SoC yana buƙatar haɗa ɗaya ko fiye da Xpus ban da CPU don kammala lissafin AI.

3. Power guntu: IGBT, silicon carbide, ikon MOSFET

Semiconductor na wutar lantarki shine jigon juyawar makamashin lantarki da sarrafa kewayawa a cikin na'urorin lantarki, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don canza ƙarfin lantarki da mita a cikin na'urorin lantarki, canjin DC da AC.

Ɗaukar wutar lantarki MOSFET a matsayin misali, bisa ga bayanan, a cikin motocin man fetur na gargajiya, adadin MOSFET mai ƙarancin wuta a kowace abin hawa ya kai kusan 100. A cikin sabbin motocin makamashi, matsakaicin amfani da matsakaici da matsakaicin ƙarfin MOSFET kowace abin hawa ya karu zuwa ƙari. fiye da 200. A nan gaba, ana sa ran amfani da MOSFET a kowace mota a matsakaici da matsakaicin ƙira zai ƙaru zuwa 400.

4. Sadarwar guntu: salon salula, WLAN, LIN, V2X kai tsaye, UWB, CAN, matsayi na tauraron dan adam, NFC, Bluetooth, ETC, Ethernet da sauransu;

Ana iya raba guntuwar sadarwa zuwa sadarwar waya da sadarwa mara waya.

Ana amfani da sadarwar waya galibi don watsa bayanai daban-daban tsakanin kayan aiki a cikin mota.

Sadarwar mara waya na iya gane haɗin kai tsakanin mota da mota, mota da mutane, mota da kayan aiki, mota da kuma kewaye.

Daga cikin su, adadin na'ura mai kwakwalwa yana da girma, bisa ga bayanan masana'antu, matsakaicin CAN/LIN transceiver aikace-aikacen mota ya kai akalla 70-80, kuma wasu motoci masu aiki zasu iya kaiwa fiye da 100, ko ma fiye da 200.

5. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa: DRAM, KO FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

Ana amfani da guntuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar motar don adana shirye-shirye daban-daban da bayanan motar.

Dangane da hukuncin da wani kamfanin semiconductor a Koriya ta Kudu ya yi game da buƙatar DRAM na motocin tuƙi masu hankali, an kiyasta cewa mota tana da mafi girman buƙatar DRAM / NAND Flash har zuwa 151GB / 2TB, bi da bi, da ajin nuni da ADAS mai cin gashin kansa. tsarin tuƙi yana da mafi girman amfani da kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwa.

6. Power/Analog guntu: SBC, gaban gaban analog, DC/DC, dijital ware, DC/AC

Analog guntu wata gada ce da ke haɗa duniyar zahiri da duniyar dijital, galibi tana nufin da'irar analog ɗin da ta ƙunshi juriya, capacitor, transistor, da sauransu hadedde tare don aiwatar da siginar siginar analog na ci gaba (kamar sauti, haske, zazzabi, da sauransu). .) hadedde kewaye.

Dangane da kididdigar Oppenheimer, da'irori na analog suna da kashi 29% na kwakwalwan mota, wanda 53% na sarkar sigina ne kuma 47% guntu ne na sarrafa wutar lantarki.

7. Driver guntu: babban direban gefe, ƙananan direban gefe, LED / nuni, direban matakin ƙofar, gada, sauran direbobi, da dai sauransu

A cikin tsarin lantarki na kera motoci, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na asali don fitar da kaya: ƙaramin gefen tuƙi da babban abin hawa.

Ana amfani da manyan tutocin gefe don kujeru, haske, da magoya baya.

Ana amfani da ƙananan abubuwan motsa jiki don motoci, dumama, da dai sauransu.

Ɗaukar abin hawa mai cin gashin kansa a Amurka a matsayin misali, kawai mai kula da yankin gaban jiki ne kawai aka tsara tare da guntuwar manyan direbobi 21, kuma yawan abin hawa ya wuce 35.

8. Sensor guntu: ultrasonic, image, murya, Laser, inertial kewayawa, millimeter kalaman, yatsa, infrared, ƙarfin lantarki, zazzabi, halin yanzu, zafi, matsayi, matsa lamba.

Ana iya raba firikwensin mota zuwa na'urori masu auna firikwensin jiki da na'urori masu auna muhalli.

A cikin aikin motar, na'urar firikwensin mota na iya tattara yanayin jiki (kamar zazzabi, matsa lamba, matsayi, saurin gudu, da dai sauransu) da bayanan muhalli, kuma ya canza bayanan da aka tattara zuwa siginar lantarki don watsawa zuwa sashin kula da tsakiya na mota.

Kamar yadda bayanai suka nuna, ana sa ran motar mai hankali mai lamba 2 za ta dauki na’urori masu auna firikwensin guda shida, kuma ana sa ran motar L5 za ta dauki na’urori 32.

9. Tsaro guntu: T-Box / V2X guntu tsaro, eSIM / eSAM tsaro guntu

Guntuwar tsaro ta motoci wani nau'in haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira ce tare da haɗaɗɗiyar ƙirar ƙira ta ciki da ƙirar hana kai hari ta zahiri.

A yau, tare da ci gaba da haɓakar motoci masu hankali, babu makawa adadin na'urorin lantarki a cikin motar za su karu, kuma yana haifar da karuwar adadin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.

Bisa kididdigar da kungiyar masu kera motoci ta kasar Sin ta bayar, an ce, adadin guntuwar motocin da ake bukata na motocin man fetur na gargajiya sun kai 600-700, adadin guntuwar motocin da ake bukata don motocin lantarki za su karu zuwa 1600 / abin hawa, da kuma bukatar guntu don amfanin motocin. Ana sa ran ƙarin manyan motoci masu hankali za su ƙaru zuwa 3000 / abin hawa.

Ana iya cewa motar zamani kamar wata katuwar kwamfuta ce a kan farantinls.