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Menene grid mai wayo kuma ta yaya yake aiki?

Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19, tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki (wanda aka fi sani da grids) sune tushen wutar lantarki na farko a duniya.Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri waɗannan grid, suna aiki cikin sauƙi - suna samar da wutar lantarki kuma su aika zuwa gidaje, gine-gine, da kuma duk inda ake buƙatar wutar lantarki.

Amma yayin da bukatar wutar lantarki ke ƙaruwa, ana buƙatar grid mai inganci.Tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki na zamani na “smart grid” yanzu ana amfani da shi a duk duniya sun dogara da fasahar zamani don inganta inganci.Wannan takarda ta bincika ma'anar grid mai kaifin baki da mahimman fasahohin da ke sa shi kaifin baki.

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Menenefasahar grid mai kaifin baki?

Grid mai wayo shine kayan aikin rarraba wutar lantarki wanda ke ba da sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu tsakanin masu samar da kayan aiki da abokan ciniki.Fasahar dijital da ke ba da damar fasahar grid mai wayo sun haɗa da na'urori masu auna wuta / na yanzu, na'urorin sarrafawa, cibiyoyin bayanai da mita masu wayo.

Wasu grid masu wayo sun fi wasu wayo.Kasashe da yawa sun mai da hankali sosai kan jujjuya hanyoyin rarraba da aka daina amfani da su zuwa grid masu wayo, amma canjin yana da wahala kuma zai ɗauki shekaru ko ma shekaru da yawa.

Misalai na fasahar grid mai wayo da abubuwan haɗin grid masu wayo

Mita Mai Wayo - Mitoci masu wayo sune matakin farko na gina grid mai kaifin baki.Mitoci masu wayo suna ba da bayanan amfani da kuzari ga abokan ciniki da masu kera kayan aiki.Suna ba da amfani da makamashi da bayanin farashi don faɗakar da masu amfani don rage sharar makamashi da taimakawa masu samarwa haɓaka nauyin rarrabawa a cikin grid.Smart mita gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi manyan tsarin ƙasa guda uku: tsarin wutar lantarki don auna yawan wutar lantarki, microcontroller don sarrafa fasaha a cikin na'ura mai wayo, da tsarin sadarwa don aikawa da karɓar bayanan amfani da makamashi.Bugu da kari, wasu mitoci masu wayo na iya samun ikon ajiyewa (lokacin da babban layin rarraba ya kasa) da kuma tsarin GSM don nuna wurin da mitar take don dalilai na tsaro.

Saka hannun jari na duniya a cikin mita masu wayo ya ninka sau biyu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.A cikin 2014, zuba jari na shekara-shekara na duniya a cikin mitoci masu wayo ya kasance dala miliyan 11.A cewar Statista, saka hannun jarin smartmeter na duniya ya kai dala miliyan 21 nan da shekarar 2019, la’akari da nasarorin da aka samu na ingantaccen tsarin daga aiwatar da mita masu wayo.

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Maɓallin sarrafa kaya mai wayo da allo mai rarrabawa - Yayin da mitoci masu wayo zasu iya samar da bayanan lokaci-lokaci ga masu samar da kayan aiki, ba sa sarrafa rarraba makamashi ta atomatik.Don inganta rarraba wutar lantarki a lokacin mafi girman lokacin amfani ko zuwa takamaiman wurare, abubuwan amfani da wutar lantarki suna amfani da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki kamar na'urori masu sarrafa nauyi na hankali da na'urori masu sauyawa.Wannan fasaha tana adana adadi mai yawa na makamashi ta hanyar rage rarrabawar da ba dole ba ko sarrafa lodi ta atomatik waɗanda suka wuce iyakokin lokacin amfani da su.Don inganta rarraba wutar lantarki a lokacin mafi girman lokacin amfani ko zuwa takamaiman wurare, abubuwan amfani da wutar lantarki suna amfani da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki kamar na'urori masu sarrafa nauyi na hankali da na'urori masu sauyawa.Wannan fasaha tana adana adadi mai yawa na makamashi ta hanyar rage rarrabawar da ba dole ba ko sarrafa lodi ta atomatik waɗanda suka wuce iyakokin lokacin amfani da su.

Alal misali, birnin Wadsworth, Ohio, yana amfani da tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki da aka gina a shekara ta 1916. Birnin Wadsworth ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Itron, mai kera naSmart Load Control Sauyawa(SLCS), don rage amfani da tsarin wutar lantarki da awoyi 5,300 megawatt ta hanyar sanya SLCS a cikin gidaje don zagayowar injin sanyaya iska yayin lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki.Tsarin Kayan Wuta Automation - Ana kunna tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki ta hanyar fasahar grid mai kaifin baki, ta yin amfani da kayan aikin IT na zamani don sarrafa kowane hanyar haɗi a cikin sarkar rarrabawa.Misali, tsarin wutar lantarki mai sarrafa kansa yana amfani da tsarin tattara bayanai na hankali (kamar na na'urori masu wayo), tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki (kamar na'urorin sarrafa kaya masu wayo), kayan aikin tantancewa, tsarin kwamfuta, da algorithms tsarin wutar lantarki.Haɗin waɗannan mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwar yana ba da damar grid (ko grid da yawa) don daidaitawa ta atomatik da haɓaka kanta tare da iyakancewar hulɗar ɗan adam da ake buƙata.

Aiwatar da Smart Grid

Lokacin da aka aiwatar da dijital, sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu da fasahar sarrafa kai a cikin grid mai kaifin baki, sauye-sauyen ababen more rayuwa da yawa za su haɓaka ingantaccen grid.Aiwatar da Smart Grid ya ba da damar sauye-sauyen ababen more rayuwa masu zuwa:

1.Ƙaddamar da samar da makamashi

Saboda grid mai wayo na iya ci gaba da sa ido da sarrafa rarraba makamashi, babu sauran buƙatar babbar tashar wutar lantarki guda ɗaya don samar da wutar lantarki.Madadin haka, ana iya samar da wutar lantarki ta tashoshin wutar lantarki da yawa, kamar injin turbines, gonakin hasken rana, na'urorin samar da hasken rana na zama, ƙananan madatsun ruwa na ruwa, da dai sauransu.

2.Kasuwar wargaje

Kayan aikin grid mai wayo kuma yana goyan bayan haɗin grid da yawa azaman hanyar raba kuzari cikin hankali a cikin tsarin tsakiya na gargajiya.Misali, a baya, kananan hukumomi suna da wuraren samar da kayayyaki daban-daban wadanda ba su da alaka da kananan hukumomin makwabta.Tare da aiwatar da kayan aikin grid mai kaifin baki, gundumomi za su iya ba da gudummawa ga tsarin samarwa da aka raba don kawar da dogaron samarwa a yayin da wutar lantarki ta ƙare.

3.Ƙananan watsawa

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɓarna na makamashi a cikin grid shine rarraba makamashi a kan nesa mai nisa.Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa grid masu wayo suna karkasa samarwa da kasuwanni, nisan rarraba gidan yanar gizo a cikin grid mai wayo yana raguwa sosai, don haka rage sharar rarraba.Ka yi tunanin, alal misali, wata karamar gona mai amfani da hasken rana wacce ke samar da 100% na bukatun wutar lantarki na rana, kilomita 1 kawai.Idan ba tare da gonar hasken rana ba, al'umma na iya buƙatar samun wutar lantarki daga babbar tashar wutar lantarki mai nisan kilomita 100.Asarar makamashin da aka gani yayin watsawa daga tashoshin wutar lantarki mai nisa na iya zama sau ɗari fiye da asarar watsawa da aka gani daga gonakin hasken rana na gida.

4.Rarraba ta hanyoyi biyu

A wajen gonakin da ake amfani da hasken rana, za a iya samun wani yanayi da gonar hasken rana za ta iya samar da makamashi fiye da yadda al’umma ke cinyewa, ta yadda za a samar da rarar makamashi.Wannan wuce gona da iri za a iya rarraba shi cikin grid mai wayo, yana taimakawa wajen rage buƙatu daga tashoshin wutar lantarki mai nisa.

A wannan yanayin, makamashi yana gudana daga tashar hasken rana zuwa babban grid ɗin da ba na al'umma ba da rana, amma lokacin da gonar hasken rana ba ta aiki, makamashi yana gudana daga babban grid zuwa wannan al'umma.Ana iya sa ido da inganta wannan kwararar makamashi ta hanyar guda biyu ta hanyar rarraba wutar lantarki don tabbatar da cewa an ɓata mafi ƙarancin kuzari a kowane lokaci yayin amfani.

5.Shigar mai amfani

A cikin kayan aikin grid mai kaifin baki tare da rarrabuwar kai-biyu da iyakokin grid, masu amfani suna iya aiki azaman ƙananan janareta.Misali, ana iya sawa gidaje ɗaiɗaiɗa da tsarin hasken rana wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki a lokacin da ake amfani da shi.Idan tsarin PV na zama yana samar da makamashi mai yawa, ana iya isar da wannan makamashi zuwa babban grid, yana ƙara rage buƙatar manyan cibiyoyin wutar lantarki.

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Muhimmancin Smart Grid

A matakin macroeconomic, grid masu wayo suna da mahimmanci don rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.Yawancin masu samar da kayan aiki na gida da gwamnatoci suna ba da matakan karimci da tsauraran matakai don shiga cikin ɗaukar grid masu wayo saboda yana da fa'ida ta kuɗi da muhalli.Ta hanyar ɗaukar grid mai kaifin baki, samar da makamashi za a iya karkasa shi, don haka kawar da haɗarin baƙar fata, rage farashin aikin tsarin wutar lantarki, da kawar da sharar makamashi mara amfani.


Lokacin aikawa: Maris 15-2023