DS90UB927QSQXNOPB NA Bom Service Transistor Diode Integrated Circuit Electronics

1.Ma'anar guntu

Bari mu fara da bambance ƴan asali ra'ayoyi: kwakwalwan kwamfuta, semiconductor, da hadedde da'irori.

Semiconductor: wani abu tare da kaddarorin gudanarwa tsakanin madugu da insulator a cikin zafin jiki.Kayan aikin semiconductor gama gari sun haɗa da silicon, germanium, da gallium arsenide.A zamanin yau, na kowa semiconductor abu amfani a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ne silicon.

Haɗaɗɗen kewaye: ƙaramar na'urar lantarki ko kayan aiki.Yin amfani da wani tsari, transistor, resistors, capacitors, da inductors da ake buƙata a cikin da'ira da wayoyi suna haɗuwa tare, waɗanda aka yi su akan ƙaramin ko da yawa ƙananan ƙananan wafers ko na'urorin dielectric, sa'an nan kuma an rufe su a cikin gidan bututu don zama ƙaramin tsari tare da aikin kewayawa da ake buƙata.

Chip: Ƙirƙirar transistor ne da wasu na'urori da ake buƙata don kewayawa akan yanki ɗaya na semiconductor (daga Jeff Dahmer).Chips sune masu ɗaukar haɗaɗɗun da'irori.

Koyaya, a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana, babu bambanci tsakanin IC, guntu, da da'ira mai haɗawa waɗanda muke magana akai kowace rana.Masana'antar IC da masana'antar guntu waɗanda muke tattaunawa akai-akai suna nuni ga masana'anta iri ɗaya.

Don taƙaita shi a cikin jumla ɗaya, guntu samfuri ne na zahiri da aka samo ta hanyar ƙira, ƙira, da tattara haɗaɗɗun da'ira ta amfani da semiconductor azaman albarkatun ƙasa.

Lokacin da guntu aka saka a wayar hannu, kwamfuta ko kwamfutar hannu, ya zama zuciya da ruhin irin waɗannan kayan lantarki.

Allon taɓawa yana buƙatar guntuwar taɓawa, guntun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don adana bayanai, guntu mai tushe, guntun RF, guntu na Bluetooth don aiwatar da ayyukan sadarwa, da GPU don ɗaukar hotuna masu kyau ...... Duk kwakwalwan kwamfuta a cikin wayar hannu. wayar ta haura sama da 100.

2.Rarraba guntu

Hanyar sarrafawa, ana iya raba sigina zuwa kwakwalwan analog, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na dijital

Chips na dijital su ne waɗanda ke sarrafa siginar dijital, kamar CPUs da da'irori na dabaru, yayin da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog sune waɗanda ke sarrafa siginar analog, irin su amplifiers na aiki, masu daidaita wutar lantarki na layi, da tushen wutar lantarki.

Yawancin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na yau suna da dijital da analog, kuma babu cikakkiyar ma'auni game da wane nau'in samfurin ya kamata a rarraba guntu a matsayin, amma galibi ana bambanta shi da ainihin aikin guntu.

Ana iya rarraba masu zuwa bisa ga yanayin aikace-aikacen: kwakwalwan sararin samaniya, guntun mota, guntun masana'antu, guntun kasuwanci.

Ana iya amfani da guntu a cikin sararin samaniya, motoci, masana'antu, da sassan mabukaci.Dalilin wannan rarrabuwa shine cewa waɗannan sassan suna da buƙatun aiki daban-daban don kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kamar kewayon zafin jiki, daidaito, ci gaba da lokacin aiki mara wahala (rayuwa), da sauransu. A matsayin misali.

Chips-aji na masana'antu suna da mafi girman kewayon zafin jiki fiye da kwakwalwan kwamfuta-aji na kasuwanci, kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta-aji na sararin samaniya suna da mafi kyawun aiki kuma sune mafi tsada.

Ana iya raba su gwargwadon aikin da aka yi amfani da su: GPU, CPU, FPGA, DSP, ASIC, ko SoC ......