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Me yasa ake amfani da silicon monocrystalline azaman tushe don samar da guntu?
Marubuci: harry4112
Hanyar haɗi: https://www.zhihu.com/question/515054180/answer/2337519553
Source: Zhihu
Haƙƙin mallaka na marubucin.Da fatan za a tuntuɓi marubucin don ba da izini don sake buga kasuwanci, kuma a buga tushen don sake bugawa ba na kasuwanci ba.

Me yasa wayoyi suke buƙatar fatun filastik?Ba za ku iya amfani da wayar jan ƙarfe maras tushe ba?Domin ba tare da fatar robobi ta raba su ba, wayar za ta iya yin wutar lantarki cikin sauƙi idan ta taɓa wasu abubuwa kuma ba za ta iya isar da wutar lantarki ba, ko kuma idan tana da ƙarfi kuma ta kama wani?Me zai faru idan ƙarin wayoyi marasa motsi dole ne a yi su da filastik?Ba kwata-kwata, wayoyi na farko sun nannade lilin, man goge baki (kuma yanzu, waya mai enameled), a wasu wurare na musamman, la’akari da farashi, ikon ware wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu, ko ma idan kuna so, zaku iya amfani da silicon. , silicon dioxide yi kadaici, ba shakka, wadannan biyu ne sosai gaggautsa m abu, kawai dace da kerarre, taba in mun gwada da mobile waya, wanda yake daidai ga guntu ciki waya wannan scene.

Abin da ke sama yana yiwuwa tare da silicon da silicon dioxide don keɓewar waya don kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Ee, ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su na siliki a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta shine don keɓancewa, daidai da amfani da fatun filastik don wayoyi, ana yin su ta baya.Wayoyin suna da wayoyi na jan karfe kafin a fentin su da fatun robobi;kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna da fatun siliki da suka wanzu kafin a shimfiɗa su (plated) tare da wayoyi na jan karfe.

Me yasa silicon crystal guda ɗaya?Dalilai guda biyu, na farko, dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta sosai, in ba haka ba, ba za a keɓe shi ba saboda haɓakar mahalarta kuma ba zai samar da takamaiman kayan da aka riga aka yi ba don ƙarni na gaba na junction na semiconductor.Wannan abu ne mai sauƙin fahimta, ko ba haka ba?Kuna son yin hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta PN a wani wuri, amma kuma akwai ƴan atom ɗin phosphorus da suka lalace a wannan wurin kuma tuni tsarin N-type ne, don haka kuna son canza shi zuwa nau'in P?Yana da sauƙi a tafi daga tsarki zuwa iri-iri, amma yana da wuyar gaske don tafiya daga nau'i-nau'i zuwa tsarki, don haka za ku fara da siliki mai tsabta.Me yasa ba zai iya zama silicon polycrystalline ba?Yana da alaƙa da ƙarni na PN junctions (akwai wasu ƙira, wanda PN ke wakilta) kuma.Wannan saboda PN junctions sun yi ƙanƙara don tsarin intercalation da sakamakon halayen kewayawa, waɗanda ke buƙatar 100% biyan buƙatun ƙira, an tabbatar da su daidai idan babu lahani na lattice, nawa "ƙazanta" sun haɗu a ciki, da abin da lantarki ana samun halaye.

Inda akwai lahani na lattice, wannan ba lallai ba ne.Lalacewar lattice a cikin polysilicon sun yi kama da ramukan da ke cikin tushe, kuma suna da girma sosai, don haka lokacin da aka shimfiɗa kwalta, amsawar lantarki ba daidai take da sauran wurare ba.Yana zama 1!Shin wannan dabarar da'ira har yanzu daidai ne?A tsawo, za a iya amfani da wasu kayan?Za a iya amfani da polycrystalline?A wasu aikace-aikace, ko kuma inda ba shi da kyau sosai (ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, dabaru mara ƙarfi), yana yiwuwa ko ana bincike.Alal misali, silicon ne musamman doped a wasu matsananci-high mita, matsananci-low irin ƙarfin lantarki, matsananci-high halin yanzu yanayi, ba sosai dace, sa'an nan akwai wasu musamman silicon germanium, gallium da sauran kayan da tunani, har ma da substrate. guntu, hasken rana saboda babban shine samar da wutar lantarki mai karfi, ba damuwa sosai game da bambancin wutar lantarki kadan, ba shakka, akwai farashi, yawancin su silicon polycrystalline.Amma ga sauran kayan, bayan haka, silicon yana ko'ina kuma kawai yana buƙatar tsarkakewa.Sauran abubuwan da ke da wahalar samu, su ma suna bukatar a tsarkake su.